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Intro -- LOCAL FOOD SYSTEMS: MARKETS, TRENDS AND FEDERAL PROGRAMS -- LOCAL FOOD SYSTEMS: MARKETS, TRENDS AND FEDERAL PROGRAMS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 THE ROLE OF LOCAL FOOD SYSTEMS IN UNITED STATES FARM POLICY -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- LOCAL FOOD MARKETS -- Estimated Market Size -- Definitions of Local Foods -- "Local" Based on Distance Traveled -- "Local" Based on Marketing Outlet -- "Local" Based on Perceived Attributes -- Types of Businesses and Operations -- Farmers' Markets -- Farm-to-School Programs -- Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) -- Community Gardens and School Gardens -- Food Hubs and Market Aggregators -- Kitchen Incubators and Mobile Slaughter Units -- FEDERAL PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES -- Selected USDA Programs -- Loans for Local Food Produ -- Local Food Purchases in Child Nutrition Programs -- Grants for Farm-to-School Programs -- Other USDA Actions -- Non-USDA Programs -- Administration's Initiatives -- "Know Your Farmer, Know Your Food" Initiative -- Regional Innovation Initiative -- Healthy Food Financing Initiative -- CONGRESSIONAL ACT -- Legislative Options -- Pending Bills in the 112th Congress -- Considerations for Congress -- APPENDIX. OVERVIEW OF SELECTED FEDERAL PROGRAMS -- Marketing and Promotion -- Specialty Crop Block Grant Program -- Farmers' Market Promotion Program -- Farmers' Market Nutrition Programs -- Federal State Marketing Improvement Program -- Business Assistance -- Value-Added Producer Grants -- Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program -- Small Business Innovation Research -- Agricultural Management Assistance -- Community Outreach and Assistance Partnership Program -- Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education -- Rural and Community Development Programs -- Rural Cooperative Development Grant -- Business and Industry Guaranteed Loan Program -- Community Facilities

front cover -- Half title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Using models to study food systems -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Models and why we use them -- 1.3 Models in food systems -- 1.4 Types of models used to study food systems -- 1.5 Stage of food production -- 1.5.1 Single stages of the food system -- 1.5.2 Supply chains -- 1.5.3 Broader food systems -- 1.6 Three major types of models -- 1.6.1 Biophysical models -- 1.6.2 Socio-Economic models -- 1.6.3 Participatory modeling -- 1.7 Common issues with models -- 1.8 Organization of this book -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2 The origins, definitions and differences among concepts that underlie food systems modeling -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Origins and definitions of terms -- 2.2.1 Sustainability and related concepts -- 2.2.2 Sustainable development -- 2.2.3 Sustainable agriculture -- 2.3 Systems concepts -- 2.3.1 Food systems -- 2.3.2 Sustainable food systems -- 2.3.3 Systems thinking and modeling -- 2.3.4 Multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary research -- 2.4 Differences between sustainability and resilience and food systems and systems thinking -- 2.4.1 The difference between sustainability and resilience -- 2.4.2 The difference between food systems and systems thinking -- 2.4.3 Systems properties of food systems and their use in modeling -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Life cycle assessment of food systems and diets -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 A brief history of life cycle assessment -- 3.3 The four phases of LCA -- 3.3.1 Phase 1: goal and scope -- 3.3.2 Phase 2: life cycle inventory (LCI) -- 3.3.3 The problem of multi-functionality -- 3.3.4 Phase 3: life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) -- 3.3.5 Phase 4: interpretation of the assessment -- 3.4 Yogurt case study: LCIA result and interpretation example at midpoint.

This book, by a leading expert in urban agriculture, offers a genuine solution to today's global food crisis. By contributing more to feeding themselves, cities can allow breathing space for the rural sector to convert to more organic sustainable approaches. Biel's approach connects with current debates about agroecology and food sovereignty, asks key questions, and proposes lines of future research. He suggests that today's food insecurity – manifested in a regime of wildly fluctuating prices – reflects not just temporary stresses in the existing mode of production, but more profoundly the troubled process of generating a new one. He argues that the solution cannot be implemented at a merely technical or political level: the force of change can only be driven by the kind of social movements which are now daring to challenge the existing unsustainable order. Drawing on both his academic research and teaching, and 15 years' experience as a practising urban farmer, Biel brings a unique interdisciplinary approach to this key global issue, creating a dialogue between the physical and social sciences

The processes underlying environmental, eco- nomic, and social unsustainability derive in part from the food system. Building sustainable food systems has become a predominating endeavor aiming to redirect our food systems and policies towards better-adjusted goals and improved societal welfare. Food systems are complex social-ecological systems involving multiple interactions between human and natural components. Policy needs to encourage public perception of humanity and nature as interdependent and interacting. The systemic nature of these interdependencies and interactions calls for systems approaches and integrated assessment tools. Identifying and modeling the intrinsic properties of the food system that will ensure its essential outcomes are maintained or enhanced over time and across generations, will help organizations and governmental institutions to track pro- gress towards sustainability, and set policies that encourage positive transformations. This paper proposes a conceptual model that articulates crucial vulnerability and resilience factors to global environmental and socio-economic chan- ges, postulating specific food and nutrition security issues as priority outcomes of food systems. By acknowledging the systemic nature of sustainability, this approach allows consideration of causal factor dynamics. In a stepwise approach, a logical application is schematized for three Mediterranean countries, namely Spain, France, and Italy.

The processes underlying environmental, economic, and social unsustainability derive in part from the food system. Building sustainable food systems has become a predominating endeavor aiming to redirect our food systems and policies towards better-adjusted goals and improved societal welfare. Food systems are complex social-ecological systems involving multiple interactions between human and natural components. Policy needs to encourage public perception of humanity and nature as interdependent and interacting. The systemic nature of these interdependencies and interactions calls for systems approaches and integrated assessment tools. Identifying and modeling the intrinsic properties of the food system that will ensure its essential outcomes are maintained or enhanced over time and across generations, will help organizations and governmental institutions to track progress towards sustainability, and set policies that encourage positive transformations. This paper proposes a conceptual model that articulates crucial vulnerability and resilience factors to global environmental and socio-economic changes, postulating specific food and nutrition security issues as priority outcomes of food systems. By acknowledging the systemic nature of sustainability, this approach allows consideration of causal factor dynamics. In a stepwise approach, a logical application is schematized for three Mediterranean countries, namely Spain, France, and Italy. ; Peer Review

Volume 18 of Advances in Medical Sociology brings cutting-edge sociological research to bear on these multiple dimensions of food systems and their impacts on individual and population health. This volume highlights how food systems matter for health policy, health politics, the lived experiences and life chances of individuals and communities

Measures to slow down the spread of Covid-19 have had profound effects on the food and nutrition security of poor and marginalised households and communities. This article provides an overview of the effects of Covid-19 on food systems across low- and middle-income countries using resilience and political economy lenses, before proposing approaches to build back resilient and equitable food systems. First, future interventions need to target structural issues that limit people's agency in accessing nutritious and diverse food and production capital. Second, local innovation systems and institutions require investment to create a market environment that benefits domestic (small and medium) enterprises and agri‑food supply chain workers without jeopardising the environment. Third, interventions need to be informed by a diverse set of opinions that include the voices of the most marginalised. ; IFPRI3; CRP4; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all ; PHND; A4NH ; PR ; CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)

Intro -- Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- Section 1: Problems Facing Food Systems -- 1.1 Our Food Systems Are in Crisis -- 1.2 The Effects of COVID-19 Will Ripple through Food Systems -- 1.3 How to Make the Food System More Energy Efficient -- 1.4 Feeding a Hot, Hungry Planet -- 1.5 Long Live Microbiomes! -- Section 2: Innovations in Food Systems -- 2.1 Growing Skyscrapers: The Rise of Vertical Farms -- 2.2 The Future of Farming -- 2.3 Agroecology Is the Solution to World Hunger -- 2.4 Test-Tube Burger: Lab-Cultured Meat Passes Taste Test (Sort of) -- 2.5 Tweaking Vegetables' Genes Could Make Them Tastier-And You'll Get to Try Them Soon -- 2.6 Faux Fish Might Help Aquaculture Keep Feeding the World -- 2.7 Spray-On, Rinse-Off Food 'Wrapper' Can Cut Plastic Packaging -- 2.8 Advanced Food Tracking and Packaging Will Save Lives and Cut Waste -- Section 3: Controversy Surrounding Food Systems -- 3.1 Organically Speaking: The Marketing Language of Organic Food -- 3.2 Does the World Need GM Foods? -- 3.3 The Truth about Genetically Modified Food -- 3.4 Do Seed Companies Control GM Crop Research? -- 3.5 How Biotech Crops Can Crash-and Still Never Fail -- 3.6 Designer Crops of the Future Must Be Better Tailored for Women in Agriculture -- 3.7 Should the Concept of a Food Desert Be Deserted? -- 3.8 Bill Gates Should Stop Telling Africans What Kind of Agriculture Africans Need -- Section 4: Food Systems and the Environment -- 4.1 Can We Feed the World and Sustain the Planet? -- 4.2 Here's How Much Food Contributes to Climate Change -- 4.3 These Plants Can Replace Meat-but Will Doing So Help the Environment? -- 4.4 The Blue Food Revolution: Making Aquaculture a Sustainable Food Source -- Glossary -- Further Information -- Citations -- Index.

This paper explores the development of sustainable food systems in Northern Queensland and draws conclusions as to how they can grow and become more stable in the future. It shows how a community is actively and creatively deploying local networks and local resources in order to gain access to locally-grown, sustainable food. The development of this alternative agri-food network (AAFN) is driven by grassroots movements and underpinned by a strong, not-for-profit sector consisting of environmentalists, community leaders and food activists, who are highly critical of the mainstream agri-food system. The opportunities and challenges faced by actors in alternative food systems are discussed. At federal government level, the adoption of intensive, productivist-based agriculture runs counter to the philosophy of AAFNs. In a political environment that clearly favours economic development, the issue for local communities is how can they influence food and agricultural policy?

Climate change affects the functioning of all the components of food systems, often in ways that exacerbate existing predicaments and inequalities between regions of the world and groups in society. At the same time, food systems are a major cause for climate change, accounting for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, food systems can and should play a much bigger role in climate policies. This policy brief highlights nine actions points for climate change adaptation and mitigation in the food systems. The policy brief shows that numerous practices, technologies, knowledge and social capital already exist for climate action in the food systems, with multiple synergies with other important goals such as the conservation of biodiversity, safeguarding of ecosystem services, sustainable land management and reducing social and gender inequalities. Many of these solutions are presently being applied at local scales around the world, even if not at sufficient levels. Hence, the major effort for unleashing their potential would involve overcoming various technical, political- economic and structural barriers for their much wider application. Some other solutions require research and development investments now but focus on helping us meet the longer-term challenges of climate change on food systems in the second half of this century when most existing food production practices will face unprecedented challenges. In the short term, these pro- poor policy changes and support systems can create a range of positive changes well beyond food systems without delay. In the long-term, investments in research will help ensure food security and ecosystem integrity for coming generations.

Measures to slow down the spread of Covid-19 have had profound effects on the food and nutrition security of poor and marginalised households and communities. This article provides an overview of the effects of Covid-19 on food systems across low- and middle-income countries using resilience and political economy lenses, before proposing approaches to build back resilient and equitable food systems. First, future interventions need to target structural issues that limit people's agency in accessing nutritious and diverse food and production capital. Second, local innovation systems and institutions require investment to create a market environment that benefits domestic (small and medium) enterprises and agri‑food supply chain workers without jeopardising the environment. Third, interventions need to be informed by a diverse set of opinions that include the voices of the most marginalised.

Measures to slow down the spread of Covid-19 have had profound effects on the food and nutrition security of poor and marginalised households and communities. This article provides an overview of the effects of Covid-19 on food systems across low- and middle-income countries using resilience and political economy lenses, before proposing approaches to build back resilient and equitable food systems. First, future interventions need to target structural issues that limit people's agency in accessing nutritious and diverse food and production capital. Second, local innovation systems and institutions require investment to create a market environment that benefits domestic (small and medium) enterprises and agri‑food supply chain workers without jeopardising the environment. Third, interventions need to be informed by a diverse set of opinions that include the voices of the most marginalised. ; Irish Aid

In this paper we analyse how new actors, interests, and resources become salient to food system governance and how the domain of food system governance transforms as a result. Specifically, we focus on how the boundaries of food systems are redefined and new institutions are developed through the explicit recognition of distal interactions and feedbacks—telecoupling—operating in the food system space. Telecoupling can stimulate new forms of governance, such as the development of codes of conduct and certification schemes, with positive impacts on food and livelihood security; when ignored, telecouplings can exacerbate undesirable social and ecological outcomes in linked systems. We present a typology of telecoupled food systems, highlighting three dimensions of distance that can be present in systems that become telecoupled: social, institutional, and physical. We use that typology to explore the evolution of telecoupling and governance change in two case studies. We associate the tendency for changes in governance that occur in each case with the nature of "distance" in the systems in question: whether the systems are distal in terms of social and/or institutional ties, or in the resource base, or some combination of all three dimensions of distance. The challenge of overcoming distance is not the only issue that affects the possibility of governance change; the cases illustrate that the cultural and economic conditions of the connected systems, the agency of actors involved, and their political and social relations and networks all come to play in enabling governance transformation in telecoupled systems.